BUS 309 Week 8 Quiz – Strayer

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Quiz 7 Chapter 8

The Workplace (1): Basic Issues

MULTIPLE CHOICE

     1.   According to David Ewing, two factors explain the absence of civil liberties and the prevalence of authoritarianism in the workplace. Which of the following is one of them?

a.	discriminatory employment practices due to strict constructionist interpretations of the Constitution
b.	the rise of personnel engineering and professional management
c.	the common law doctrine of eminent domain
d.	employer resistance to unionization

     2.   According to common law, to legally dismiss an employee, an employer

a.	cannot have bad motives.	c.	must have good cause.
b.	is obligated not to discriminate.	d.	need have no reason at all.

     3.   Which of the following is an accurate statement about employment law in the workplace?

a.	It's illegal to fire workers because of union membership.
b.	Courts at all levels and in all states now agree that employees cannot be dismissed without just cause.
c.	The civil liberties of employees have to be restricted for corporations to run efficiently.
d.	More and more companies are moving toward "employment at will".

     4.   Austin Fagothey and Milton Gonsalves believe a direct strike is justified

a.	when it is motivated by revenge.	c.	when it is a last resort.
b.	when workers are coerced into striking.	d.	under no conditions.

     5.   Groups of 18th century skilled artisans formed secret societies for two basic reasons. Which of the following is one of those reasons?

a.	to equalize their relationship with their employers
b.	to distinguish themselves from carpenters and shoemakers
c.	to gain control of the German government
d.	to avoid having to set minimal standards for their crafts

     6.   Choose the most accurate statement concerning the workplace:

a.	If wages conform with the law, they are fair wages.
b.	Employers have no obligation to dismiss workers as painlessly as possible.
c.	An employer's financial capabilities affect what constitutes a fair wage scale for that employer's employees.
d.	All instances of nepotism raise serious moral concerns.

     7.   According to David Ewing,

a.	the corporate invasion of employees' civil rights is rampant.
b.	sympathetic strikes ought to be made illegal.
c.	employers have the right to fill the positions of striking workers with other workers.
d.	seniority ought not be a factor in making transfers or promotions.

     8.   To be successful any test used by a corporation must be

a.	sound.
b.	valid.
c.	created outside the corporation using the test.
d.	one that can be used by any organization for any position.

     9.   The Wagner Act of 1935

a.	established the Food and Drug Administration.
b.	prohibits employers from interfering with employees trying to organize unions.
c.	guaranteed employers the right of refusing to bargain with union representatives.
d.	guaranteed the right to work and outlawed union shops.

   10.   Unions employ two kinds of boycotts to enforce their demands. These two kinds of boycotts are

a.	positive and negative.	c.	active and passive.
b.	corporate and private.	d.	primary and secondary.

   11.   Which statement is true about the hiring and employment process?

a.	A job description permits employers to rely on the preferences of their customers as a reason for discriminatory employment practices.
b.	A job specification describes the qualifications an employee needs, such as skills, educational experience, appearance, and physical attributes.
c.	According to common law, unless there is an explicit contractual provision to the contrary, every employment is employment "at will."
d.	In validating job specifications, a firm lists all pertinent details about a job, including its duties, responsibilities, working conditions, and physical requirements.

   12.   Griggs v. Duke Power Company, which prohibits

a.	tests given to employees or applicants to have inconsistent results.
b.	tests given to employees or applicants from being invalid.
c.	tests given to employees or applicants from being unreliable.
d.	employers from requiring a high school education as a prerequisite for employment or promotion without demonstrable evidence that the associated skills relate directly to job performance.

   13.   Which of the following is a correct statement about union activities?

a.	A sympathetic strike occurs when workers who have no particular grievance of their own and who may or may not have the same employer decide to strike in support of others.
b.	A corporate campaign occurs when people refuse to patronize companies that handle products of struck companies.
c.	The 1947 Taft-Hartley Act forbids individual states from outlawing union shops.
d.	Labor historians generally consider the American Federation of Labor (AFL) the first truly national trade union.

   14.   Since Congress passed the Americans with Disabilities Act in 1994,

a.	all disabled persons must be hired.
b.	employers must make "reasonable accommodations" for disabled workers.
c.	employees must try to "undo" their disabilities.
d.	employers must be careful to "screen" out disabled persons.

   15.   Choose the factual statement concerning wages:

a.	An employer's financial capabilities are irrelevant to the question of fair wages.
b.	A fair wage is whatever an employee is willing to accept.
c.	Extrinsic, non-job-related considerations are often relevant to setting fair wages.
d.	A fair wage presupposes a fair work contract.

   16.   Employers have the right to fire an employee who performs inadequately, but they should do so

a.	as painlessly as possible.	c.	in a public display so all can learn.
b.	with vengeance.	d.	in humiliation.

   17.   Fair personnel policies and decisions must be based on criteria that are clear, job related, and

a.	partial toward friends.	c.	ignore personality.
b.	equally applied.	d.	minimize nepotism.

   18.   The hiring process needs to include screening, testing, and

a.	safety awareness.	c.	interviewing.
b.	eliminating candidates.	d.	job descriptions.

   19.   Which of these is a valid reason for not hiring a potential employee?

a.	The person is overqualified.
b.	There's a gap in the person's unemployment history.
c.	The person dresses poorly.
d.	The person has a lack of experience.

   20.   Tests are designed to measure the applicants’ skills in verbal, quantitative, and

a.

ethical skills.

b.

empathy skills.

c.

logical skills.

d.

social skills.

   21.   In the interview process, the interview should avoid rudeness, coarseness, condescension, and

a.

giddiness.

b.

hostility.

c.

sternness.

d.

questions.

   22.   The English philosopher Francis Bacon (1561–1626) called conscious and unconscious biases and stereotypes

a.	“plagues of interviewing.”	c.	“the best tools.”
b.	“idols of the mind.”	d.	“mind benders.”

   23.   The key moral ideal in promotions is

a.

loyalty.

b.

likeability.

c.

intelligence.

d.

fairness.

   24.   Of the four types of discharge, firing

a.	results from an employee’s poor performance—that is, from his or her failure to fulfill expectations.
b.	is for-cause dismissal—the result of employee theft, gross insubordination, release of proprietary information, and so on.
c.	usually refers to the temporary unemployment experienced by hourly employees and implies that they are “subject to recall.”
d.	designates the permanent elimination of a job as a result of workforce reduction, plant closing, or departmental consolidation.

   25.   In union terms, a direct strike occurs

a.	when an organized body of workers withholds its labor to force the employer to comply with its demands.
b.	when union members and their supporters refuse to buy products from a company being struck.
c.	when workers who have no particular grievance of their own and who may or may not have the same employer decide to strike in support of others.
d.	when people refuse to patronize companies that handle products of struck companies.

TRUE/FALSE

     1.   It is morally right for employers to dismiss employees for any reason.

     2.   Due process requires specific and systematic means for workers to appeal discharge or disciplinary decisions.

     3.   Inbreeding is the practice of showing favoritism to relatives and close friends.

     4.   A corporate campaign occurs when an organized body of workers withholds its labor to force an employer to comply with its demands.

     5.   According to common law, unless there is an explicit contractual provision to the contrary, every employment is employment at will and either side is free to terminate it at any time without advance notice or reason.

     6.   Just cause requires that reasons for discipline or discharge relate directly to job performance.

     7.   The Wagner Act of 1935 permitted firing workers because of union membership or union activities.

     8.   In a handful of American cities local ordinances prohibit discrimination against those who are short or overweight.

     9.   A job description describes the qualifications an employee needs, such as skills, educational experience, appearance, and physical attributes.

   10.   The express purpose of a boycott is the same as a strike -- to hurt the employer and strengthen the union's bargaining position.

   11.   When weighing the decisions to dismiss employees, companies need to remember that employment affects families and communities, not just individuals.

   12.   The reliability of a test refers to the quality of exhibiting a reasonable consistency in results obtained.

   13.   Inbreeding refers to longevity on a job or with a firm.

   14.   Nepotism is the practice of promoting exclusively from within the firm.

   15.   Labor historians generally consider the Knights of Labor (K of L), established in 1869, as the first truly national trade union.

   16.   A primary boycott occurs when people refuse to patronize companies that handle products of struck companies.

   17.   According to Shaw and Barry, a workplace environment in which employees are treated fairly and their inherent dignity respected is compatible with a firm's business goals.

   18.   From the beginning, unions have been driven by an attempt to protect workers from abuses of power at the hands of employers.

   19.   If employees who don't join the union get the same benefits as union members, this raises a question of fairness.

   20.   Job performance and the fairness of the work contract are relevant to the issue of fair wages.

   21.   Sympathetic strikes are ineffective.

   22.   The express purpose of a strike is the same as that of a boycott -- to hurt the employer or company financially and strengthen the union’s bargaining position.

   23.   An individual is usually an equal with the employer in the negotiation process.

   24.   When most people fire another employee, they do it with great joy.

   25.   One of the chief concerns of nepotism is the disregard of managerial responsibilities to the organization and of fairness to other employees.

SHORT ANSWER

     1.   According to David Ewing, two historical factors lie behind the absence of civil liberties and the prevalence of authoritarianism in the workplace. What are these two factors?

     2.   What is the importance of the Wagner Act of 1935?

     3.   What is the difference between a "job description" and a "job specification"?

     4.   Sometimes the screening process unfairly excludes certain applicants. Give two examples.

     5.   Explain these concepts: seniority, inbreeding, and nepotism.

     6.   What does "just cause" require in situations of employee discipline or discharge? What does "due process" require?

     7.   Name three criteria that is relevant to the fairness of tests used for hiring employees.

     8.   How did the passage of the National Labor Relations Act in 1935 advance the cause of unionism?

     9.   What is the importance of the Taft-Hartley Act?

   10.   What's the difference between a direct strike and a sympathetic strike?

ESSAY

     1.   How are unions relevant to business ethics? Justify your answer.

          

     2.   Should legislation be passed to require that some or all employees be paid a living wage? Justify your answer.

     3.   How is “just cause” and “due process” relevant to business ethics? Justify your answer.

     4.   What are the key principles of ethical interviewing? Justify your answer.

     5.   Do you agree with Austin Fagothey and Milton A. Gonsalves that strikes should only be given as a last result? Justify your answer.